Empire State Building
History
Empire State Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NYC Landmark
Location:
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10118
USA
Coordinates:
404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333,-73.9856556Coordinates: 404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333, -73.9856556
Architect:
Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Architectural style (s):
Art Deco
Added to NRHP:
November 17, 1982
Designated NHL:
June 24, 1986
Nominated NYCL:
May 19, 1981
NRHP Reference #:
82001192
The site of the Empire State Building was first developed by John Thomson Farm in the late 18 century. At the time, ran a stream across the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located a block away. Starting in the late 19th century block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, frequented by The Four Hundred, the social elite in New York.
Design and construction
Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb from the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the building drawings just two weeks, using his earlier designs for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by architectural firm WW Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Each year the staff of the Empire State Building send a Father's Day card to staff at Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to celebrate its role as a predecessor to Empire State Building. The building was designed from the top down. The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and The Eken, and the project was funded primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. du Pont. The construction company was led by Alfred E. Smith, a former governor of New York and James Farley's General Builders Supply Corporation has supplied building materials. John W. Bowser, the project was construction superintendent.
A worker nails beams during construction, the Chrysler Building visible in the background.
Excavation of the site began 22 January 1930 and construction on the building itself started symbolically March 17t.Patrick 's Dayer Al Smith's influence as Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers. many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal According to official accounts, five workers died during construction. Governor Smith's grandchildren rock bands of 1 maj 1931st Lewis Wickes Hine's photographs of the building not only provides invaluable documentation of the building but also an insight into common everyday for workers in this era. In particular the image of a worker climb a stay cable is talismanic of the era and the building itself.
The construction was part of an intense competition in New York titled "The world's tallest building." Two other projects fighting for title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. Each held the title in less than a year that the Empire State Building surpassed them on its completion, just 410 days after start of construction. The building was officially opened May 1, 1931 in dramatic fashion, when U.S. President Herbert Hoover turned on the building's lights with the push of a button from Washington, DC Ironically, the first use of tower lights on top of the Empire State Building, the following years, was for signaling victory Franklin D. Roosevelt over Hoover in the presidential election in November 1932.
Opening
The building's opening coincided with Great Depression in the U.S., and because much of its office space went without being rented. The building's vacancy was exacerbated by the poor location on 34th Street that put relatively far from public transportation, like Grand Central Terminal, Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station are all several blocks away. Other more successful skyscrapers, such as Chrysler Building, has not this problem. In its first year of operation, took the observation deck for about $ 2,000,000, as much money as the owners made in rent that years. The lack of tenants led New Yorkers to deride the building as the "Empty State Building". The building will not become profitable until 1950. The famous 1951 sale of The Empire State Building to Roger L. Stevens and his business partners were mediated by the prominent upper Manhattan real-estate firm Charles F. Noyes & Company for a record 51 million dollars. At the time it was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in real estate history.
Steerable (airship) terminal
Building distinctive art deco spire was originally designed to be a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. 102nd The floor was originally a landing platform with a dirigible gangplank. A particular elevator, traveling between 86 e and 102 e floors, was to transport passengers after they checked on the observation deck on the 86th floor. But the idea proved to be impractical and dangerous after a few attempts with airships, due to the powerful updrafts caused by the size of the building itself. A large transmission tower was added to the top of the spire in 1953.
1945 plane crash
Main article: B-25 Empire State Building Crash
Crash of a U.S. Army B-25 bomber on July 28, 1945
At 9:40 Amon Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber, piloted in thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith Jr., crashed in the northern side of the Empire State Building, between the 79th and 80: e floors, where offices of the National Catholic Welfare Council were located. One engine shot through the side effects and wing As far as the next block, where it landed on the roof of a nearby building, starting a fire that destroyed a penthouse. The second engine and part of the landing gear plummeted down an elevator shaft. The resulting fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people were killed in the incident. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a plunge in 75 stories inside an elevator, which still stands as the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall recorded. Despite the injuries and loss of life, the building had open for business on many floors on the following Monday. The crash helped spur the passage of the long-pending Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, and inserting of retroactive provisions of the Act so that people can sue the government for the accident.
A year later, another aircraft had a close encounter with a skyscraper. The narrow miss-hitting the building.
Height records and comparisons
Height comparison of buildings in New York City
Empire State Building remained the highest manmade structure in the world for 23 years until it was surpassed by Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the highest freestanding structure in the world 36 years before it was surpassed by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
The longest world record held by the Empire State Building was the tallest skyscraper (structural height) which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the North tower of World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in September 11, 2001 attacks again Empire State Building was the tallest building in New York City, and the second tallest building in America, currently surpassed only by Willis Tower in Chicago. When measured by peak height, the Empire State Building is currently the third-tallest building in America, surpassed only by Willis Tower and Trump International Hotel and Tower.
1 World Trade Center under construction in New York City, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building after completion. Chicago Spire is also expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building to completion, but its construction has been halted because of financial problems.
Suicide
Over the years, more than thirty people committed suicide from the top of the building. The first suicide took place even before its completion, by a worker who had been posted. The fence around the observatory terrace was set up in 1947 after five people tried to jump in a three-week span. The second December 1979, jumped Elvita Adams of the 86th floor, only to be blown back on the 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings
Main article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting
24 February 1997, a Palestinian gunman shot seven people at the observation deck, killing one, then mortally wounded himself.
Architecture
The Empire State Building (center of photo) is the highest building in New York City
Street-level view of the Empire State Building
Empire State Building rises to 1,250 ft (381 m) at the 102nd floor, including 203 ft (62 m) pinnacle, its full height when in 1453 ft8916 (443.09 m). The building has 85 stories of commercial and office space, representing 2,158,000 hectares (200,500 m2). It has an indoor and outdoor observation deck on the 86th floor. The remaining 16 stories represent the Art Deco tower, which is capped by a 102: e floor observatory. On top of tower is 203 ft (62 m) peak, much of which is covered by broadcast antennas, with a lightning rod on top.
Empire State Building was the first building having more than 100 floors. It has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators, and there are 1,860 steps from street level to 103 floor. It has a total floor area of 2,768,591 hectares (257,211 m2) at bottom the Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8,094 m2). The building houses 1,000 businesses, and has its own zip code, the 10118th As in 2007, approximately 21,000 employees working in the building every day, making the Empire State Building the second largest single office complex in the U.S., after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators located in a central core, today, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, including service elevators. It takes less than a minute lift to get to the 86th floor, where an observation deck is located. The building has 70 mi (113 km) of pipes, 2.5 million ft (760,000 m) of wire, and about 9,000 taps. [Edit] It is heated by low-pressure steam, and despite its height, the building only requires between 2 and 3 psi (14 and 21 kPa) of steam pressure for heating. It weighs about 370,000 short tons (340,000 tonnes). The exterior of the building was built using Indiana limestone panels.
Empire State Building cost $ 40948900 to build.
A series of setbacks causes the building to taper with height.
Unlike most of today's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building is equipped with an Art Deco design, typically pre-WWII architecture in New York. The Modernist stainless steel canopies of the entrances on 33rd and 34 Streets leading to two-storey corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass-enclosed bridges at the second-floor level. The elevator core contains 67 elevators.
The lobby is three storeys high and has an aluminum relief of the skyscraper without the antenna, which was not added to the spire to 1952. The north corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy Sparkia and Rene Nemorov in 1963, depicts a building as the Eighth Wonder of the World, alongside the traditional seven.
Long-term forecasting of life cycle structure was implemented in the design phase to ensure that the building's future use was not limited by the requirements in previous generations. This is particularly evident in the design of the building's electrical system.
Floodlights
Empire State Building with red and green lights for Christmas as seen from the GE Building
Empire State Building with normal white light, seen from New Jersey
In 1964 were added spotlight to illuminate the top of the building at night in colors chosen to match seasonal and other events, such as St. Patrick's Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and subsequent death of Frank Sinatra, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the singer's nickname "Ol 'Blue Eyes." After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building stood in complete darkness for 15 minutes.
Floodlights bathed the building in red, white and blue for several months after the destruction of World Trade Center, then back to the standard schedule. Traditionally, in addition to the standard schedule, the building will be lit in the colors of New York's sports teams at night, they have at home games (orange, blue and white New York Knicks, red, white and blue for the New York Rangers, and so on). The first weekend in June finds the building bathed in green light for the Belmont Stakes was held in nearby Belmont Park. The building is disclosed in the tennis-ball yellow during the U.S. Open tennis tournament in late August and early September. It was twice turned in scarlet to support the nearby Rutgers University: once for a football game against the University of Louisville, 9 November 2006 and again on 3 April 2007, when women's basketball team played in the national championship game.
In 1995, the building was lit up in blue, red, green and yellow for the release of Microsoft's Windows 1995 operating system, Launched with a $ 300,000,000 campaign.
The building has also been known to be lit in purple and white in honor of graduating students from New York University.
Every year in September, the building is lit in black, red, and yellow, with the top light off (for black) to celebrate the German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.
The building was lit green for three days in honor of the Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr in October 2007. The lighting, the first for a Muslim holiday is intended to be an annual event and was repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007 the building was lit yellow mean home video release of The Simpsons Movie.
From April 2527, 2,008 buildings were lit in lavender, pink and white in celebration of the international pop diva Mariah Carey's performance in the world of music and the release of her eleventh studio album E = MC2. [Edit]
In late October 2008 the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the acclaimed Broadway musical Wicked by Kerry Ellis and Stephen Schwartz.
Starting in 2008, the building together with New York City and many other cities around the world participated in Earth Hour. Skyscraper's spotlight was Off for exactly one hour to save energy.
In September 2009 the building was lit for a night in orange colors, in celebration of the exploration of Manhattan Island by Henry Hudson 400 years earlier. The Dutch prince Willem-Alexander of Orange and Princess Maxima was present and turned on the lights from the lobby.
In 2009 the building was lit for a night in red and yellow, the colors of the communist People's Republic of China celebrate 60 years since its founding, amidst controversy.
Observation deck
Empire State Building is one of the most popular outdoor observatories in the world that have been visited by over 110 million people. 86th floor observation deck offers impressive 360-degree city views. There is another observation deck on the 102nd floor that is open to the public. It was closed in 1999 but reopened in November 2005. It is completely enclosed and much smaller than the first, it can be closed in high-traffic days. Tourists can pay to visit the observation deck on the 86th floor and an additional amount for the 102nd floor. The lines To enter the observation deck, according to store website, "as legendary as the building itself:" There are five of them: the sidewalk line, lift lobby bar Ticket line, the second lift line and the line to get off and lift up on the observation deck. For an extra fee tourists can skip to the front line.
The skyscraper Observation deck hosts more cinematic, television and literary classics, including an affair to remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In the Latin American literary work Empire of Dreams by GIANNINA Braschi observation deck is the place for a pastoral revolution; shepherds take over the city of New York. The tire was also the birthplace of a Martian invasion of an old episode of I Love Lucy.
A view of New York City from the 86th floor observation deck Empire State Building, Spring 2005
New York Skyride
View from Macy's
Empire State Building also has a motion simulator attraction, located on the second floor. Opened in 1994 as a complement to the observation deck, New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a simulated aerial tour over the city. The theatrical presentation lasts about 25 minutes.
Since opening, the ride has been through two incarnations. The original version, which ran from 1994 until around 2002, featured James Doohan, Star Trek's Scotty, as the airplane pilot who humorously tried to keep the flight under control during a storm, the trip takes an unexpected route through the subway, Coney Island, and FAO Schwartz, among other places. After the 11th September however ride was closed and an updated version debuted in mid-2002 with actor Kevin Bacon as a pilot. The new version of the story trying to make the attraction more educational institutions, and they contained less post-9/11 patriotic undertones with retrospective footage of World Trade Center. The new planes are going down, but this segment is much shorter than the original.
Broadcast stations
New York City is the largest media market in the U.S.. Since September 11, 2001 attacks almost all the city's commercial TV stations (both television and FM radio) have transmitted from the top the Empire State Building, although a few FM stations are located at the nearby Conde Nast Building. Most New York City AM stations broadcast from just over the Hudson River in New Jersey.
Communications equipment for TV stations are situated on top of the Empire State Building.
Broadcasting began at Empire December 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna mounted on top of the spire. They rented the 85th floor and built a laboratory there, andn 1934CA was joined by Edwin Howard Armstrong in collaboration to test his FM system from Empire antenna. When Armstrong and RCA dropped out in 1935 and his FM equipment was removed, the 85th floor was home from RCA's New York television operations, first as experimental station W2XBS channel 1, which eventually became (July 1, 1941) commercial station WNBT, channel 1 (now WNBC-TV channel 4). NBC's FM station (Weafer-FM, now WQHT) began broadcasting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken, based on consumer complaints that a common location was needed (now) seven New York television stations that broadcast from, will receive antennas would not have to be constantly adjusted. Construction on a giant tower began. Other broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, on the 83rd, 82: e, and 81 floors, frequently bringing sister FM stations with the ride. Multiple transmissions of TV and FM began from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennas built rings 103rd floor observation area. When the World Trade Center was built, it caused serious problems for television stations, most of whom then moved to the World Trade Center once it was finished. This made it possible to renovate the antenna structure and transmitter facilities for the benefit of the FM stations remaining there, which was soon joined by other FMS and UHF television, moving in from elsewhere in the metropolitan area. The destruction of the World Trade Center necessitated a great mix of antennas and transmitter rooms to accommodate the stations moving back uptown.
From 2009, the Empire State Building is home to following stations:
TV: WCBS-TV 2, WNBC-TV 4, WNYW 5, WABC-TV 7, WWOR-TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV 11, WNET 13 Newark, WNYE-TV 25, WPXN-TV 31, WXTV 41 Paterson, WNJU 47 Linden and WFUT-TV 68 Newark
FM: 92.3 WXRK, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, 96.3 WXNY, WQHT-FM 97.1, WSKQ-FM 97.9, WRKS-FM 98 , 7, WBAI 99.5, WHTZ 100.3 Newark, WCBS-FM 101.1, 101.9 WRXP, WWF 102.7, WKTU 103.5 Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, WWPR-FM 105.1, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7 and 107.5 WBLS
Empire State Building Run-Up
Empire State Building Run-Up is a foot race from ground level to the 86th floor observation deck, which has been held annually since 1978. Its participants referred both as runners and as climbers and are often tower running enthusiasts. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 feet (320 m) and takes in 1576 steps. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, achieved by Australian professional cyclist Paul Crake in 2003 on a climbing rate of 6,593 feet (2,010 meters) per hour.
In popular culture
Film
Perhaps the most famous popular culture representation of the building is in the 1933 movie King Kong, where the main character, a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors, but falls to his death. In 1983, for the 50th anniversary of the film, an inflatable King Kong is placed on the building itself. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in 1930s New York City, including a final showdown between Kong and the bi-plane on a very detailed Empire State Building. (From the 1976 remake of King Kong was placed in a modern New York City and held its climactic scene at the towers of the World Trade Center.)
From 1939 romantic drama film Love Affair involving a couple who are planning to meet at the top of the Empire State Building, a gathering that is foiled by a car accident. The film was restored in 1957 (as an affair to remember) and 1994 (again as Love Affair). From the 1993 movie Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy partly inspired by an affair to remember, when its climax with a scene in the Empire State observatory.
Andy Warhol from the 1964 silent film Empire is one continuous, eight hours shot of the Empire State Building at night, shot in black and white. In 2004 the estimated national Film Registry its cultural significance worthy of preservation in the Library of Congress.
The movie Independence Day features the Empire State Building as ground zero for an alien attack, the is destroyed by aliens primary weapons, incinerating most of New York City.
Many other films feature the Empire State Building is listed on building's own website.
Television
Empire State Building featured in the 1966 Doctor Who series Chase the Tardis lands on the roof of the building, The Doctor and his companions leave fairly quickly, but because the Dalek is close behind them. A Dalek is also seen on the roof of the building, while interrogating a man. In 2007 Doctor Who episode "Dalek in Manhattan" and "Developments in Dalek" also featured the building in which Dalek is building to use as a lightning rod. Russell T Davies said in an article that "in his mind" Dalek remembered the building from their last visit.
Discovery Channel show MythBusters tested the urban myth that claims that if you drop a penny off the top of the Empire State Building, it could kill someone or put a crater in the asphalt. The result was that at the time the penny hits the ground, becoming the roughly 65 mph (105 km / t) (the terminal velocity of an object by its mass and shape), which is not fast enough to inflict lethal injury or put a crater in the asphalt. The urban legend is a joke in the 2003 musical Avenue Q, where a character is waiting on top of the building for a rendezvous throws a crown over sidenly hitting her rival.
Literature
HG Wells '1933 science fiction book, The Shape of Things to Come, written in the form of a history book published in the distant future, contains the following passage: "Up to quite recently Lower New York has been the most old-fashioned city in the world, unique in its gloomy antiquity. The last of the old skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, is already under demolition in CE 2106! ".
In science fiction novel The Rebel of Rhada by Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), which takes place on the decay galactic empire of a distant future, New York is an old city was destroyed and rebuilt countless times. Its highest and most ancient building, covered with ruins piled up to half height, is known as "The Empire Tower ", but of course the Empire State Building.
David Macaulay's 1980 illustrated book Unbuilding depicting the Empire State Building was purchased by a Middle Eastern billionaire and dismantled piece by piece to be transported to his homeland and rebuilt there.
Empire State Building is prominent as both a setting and plot of the integral throughout much of Michael Chabon The 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.
The Percy Jackson book series, is Mount Olympus located above the Empire State Building, and there is a special elevator in the building to "600: e floor" which is supposed to be Olympus.
Tenants
Notable tenants of the building include:
Alitalia, Suite 3700
Croatian Tourist Board, Suite 4003
Filipino Reporter, Suite 601
Human Rights Watch, 34: e Floor
Polish Cultural Institute in New York, Suite 4621
Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118
TAROM, Suite 1410
The King's College, Suite 1500
Former tenants include:
China National Tourist Office (now located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
National Film Board of Canada (now located at 1123 Broadway)
Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery
A look up the Empire State Building from Broadway
On top of Empire State Building
Looking up
Looking Down
Looking at Times Square
Species Deco elevators in the lobby
Panoramic view of Midtown Manhattan from the observation deck
Empire State Building lights up in yellow and red during the 60th anniversary of China
See also
New York City portal
World's tallest freestanding structure on land
History of tallest skyscrapers
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings by U.S. state
References
Notes
^ Ab The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10,118 is assigned as building their own postcode. Source: USPS.
^ National Geodetic Survey data sheet KU3602, Retrieved 7/26/2009
^ Ab Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building. "In Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New York Historical Society. pp. 375376.
^ ESBNYC.com
^ Pollak, Michael (April 23, 2006). "75 YEARS: FYI". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&scp=4&sq = "Empire state building" height 1454 & st = cse. Retrieved 31/10/2009.
^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, Antenna height source: CTBUH upper storey height source: Empire State Building Company LLC
Ab ^ Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Empire State Building Trivia and Cool Facts". About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved 08/11/2008.
Ab ^ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot, AIA Guide to New York City, 4th edition, New York Chapter, American Institute of Architects; Crown Publishers. 2000th p.226.
^ Ab "Empire State Building." National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 11/09/2007. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.
^ Carolyn Pitts (26 April 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark Nomination. National Park Service. Http: / / pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.
^ "Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior of 1978." (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. 26/04/1985. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.
^ W & H Properties Empire State Building
^ Skyscrapers become more Eco-Friendly, hoping to lure tenants
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 23/01/2007. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
^ Reynolds Building. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
^ Cincinnati Skyscrapers, Waymarketing.com
^ "Thirteen months Go", Geraldine B. Wagner, 2003, Quintet Publishing Ltd., pg. 32
^
^
^
^ About.com Empire State Building Trivia and Cool Facts
^ "Lewis Wickes Hine: the construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Library Photography Collection) "
^ "Icarus, high up on the Empire State; Lewis Wickes Hine, New York Public Library Photography Collection "
^ Tower Lights History Retrieved 12/16/2007
^ NYT Travel: Empire State Building
^ "A tenants' Market in London. " August 18, 2008.
^ Ew York: A Documentary Film.
^ Ab Shanor, Rebecca Read (1995). "Non-produced projects." in Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New York Historical Society. pp. 12081209.
^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. p.44
^ "750: e 457 Squadron: e Bombardment Group: Officers 1943-1945". http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html. Retrieved 6/4/2009.
^ "Empire State Building withstood Airplane Impact"
^ "Plane Hits Building Woman survives 75-Story Fall"
^ Guinnessworldrecords.com
^ "The Day A Bomber Hit The Empire State Building." National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved 7/28/2008. "Eight months after the crash, the U.S. government offered money for the victims' families. Some accepted, others initiated a lawsuit that resulted in landmark legislation. Federal Republic Tort Claims Act of 1946, for the first time, gave American citizens the right to sue the federal government. "
^ Glanz, James and Eric Lipton (09/08/2002). "The height of ambition." The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.
^ Iht.com
^ Compass American Guides: Manhattan, fourth edition. Reavill, Gil and Zimmerman, Jean p. 160
^ George H. Douglas, skyscrapers, p. 173
^ Empire State Building New York.com: Empire State Building Suicide
^ Geoffrey Broughton, expression, p. 32
^ The Empire State Building Book, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin's Press, 1980, p.63
^ Empire State Building: Official Internet Site
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State to Glow Night". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.
^ Thevillager.com
^ Ab Empire State Building lighting schedule
^ Espn.com
^ Washington Post
^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim Holiday
^ Empire State adorn yellow to celebrate The Simpsons Movie
^ Http: / / www.broadway.com/Empire-State-Building-Goes-Green-for-Wicked-Birthday-Final-Yellow-Brick-Road-Cast-Announced/broadway_news/5013909
^ AB https: / / www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567
^ "Ten things not to do in New York"
^ NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up Crowns DOLD and Walsham as Champions, New York Road Runners
^ Empire State Building Former Race Winners
^ Www.esbnyc.com
^ Http: / / gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html
^ Abcdefgh "Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue." Real Estate Weekly. 30 June 2004.
^ "FAQ". Alitalia (USA website). Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Allegations and insinuations." Alitalia (USA website). Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Website. Croatian Tourist Board. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Human Rights Watch. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Homepage. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Information Senegal Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Travel agents for flights to Romania. "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "The King's College." http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved 01/11/2008.
^ "Contact Us." China National Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact Us". National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved September 4, 2008th
^ In response to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden in his ex-wife's website
Further reading
Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: Building the Impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.
Bascomb, Neal. (2003). Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the preparation of a City. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.
Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.
King Well, Mark. (2006). Closest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.
Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal and the Battle for an American Icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.
Tauranac, John. (1995). Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen months to: The Creation of Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.
Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). Building the Empire State. New York: WW Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Empire State Building
Look up the Empire State Building in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Empire State Building official Web site
Commercial Construction.com
Lighting Schedule
Empire State Building Green Retrofit
Empire State Building Trivia
Empire State Building Information
Construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library
VIVA2, The Skyscraper Museum's online archive of 500 construction photographs of the Empire State Building.
NYC Insider Guide, Empire State Building vs Top of the Rock comparable views.
Empire State Building on the Structura
Records
Preceded by
Chrysler Building
World's tallest structure
1931 1954
Followed by
KWTV Mast
World's tallest freestanding structure on land
1931 1967
Followed by
Ostankino Tower
Highest building in the world
1931 1972
Followed by
World Trade Center
Tallest building in the U.S.
1931 1972
Tallest building in New York City
1931 1972
Preceded by
World Trade Center
Tallest building in New York City
2001 current
Established
Other articles and topics to the Empire State Building
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Supertall skyscrapers
Current
North America
Aon Center AT & T Corporate Center Bank of America Plaza Bank of America Tower Chrysler Building Empire State Building First Canadian Place JPMorgan Chase Tower John Hancock Center, The New York Times Building Trump Tower in Chicago Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Willis Tower
Asia
Baiyoke Tower II Bank of China Tower Center Central Plaza China World Trade Center Tower III Citic Plaza International Finance Centre Jin Mao Tower Menara Telekom Minsheng Bank Building Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Twin Towers Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Plaza Shun Hing Square Taipei 101 Tuntex Sky Tower
Europe
City of Grand
Australia
Eureka Tower Q1
Middle East
Almas Tower Burj Al Arab Burj Khalifa Emirates Office Tower Emirates Towers Hotel Kingdom Centre Rose Tower Address Downtown Burj Dubai
Under construction
North America
1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street
South America
Torre Gran Costanera
Asia
151 Incheon Tower Busan Lotte World Goldin Finance 117 Dalian Eton Center Digital Media City Landmark Building East Pacific Business Center Gate of the Orient International Plaza Gezhouba Global Financial Building Gramercy Residences Grand International Mansion (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center Suspended Village of Huaxi Forum 66 India Tower International Commerce Centre Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower Kingkey Finance Tower Leatop Plaza Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Northeast Asia Trade Tower Parc1 Tower A Pearl River Tower Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai Tower Sino-Steel Tower Tianjin International Trade Centre Tower Tianjin Wenzhou World Trade Center We have Zenith The Wharf Times Square White Magnolia Plaza MahaNakhon
Europe
City Hall and City Duma Mercury City Tower split London Bridge
Middle East
23 Marina Abraj Al Bait Towers Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Al Quds Endowment Tower Al Yaqoub Tower Arraya 2 Bin Mañana Twin Towers (Lam Tara) Towers Burj Al Alam Central Market Project DAMAC Heights Dubai Pearl Dubai Towers Doha Elite Residence Emirates Park Towers HHHR Tower Index Tower Infinity Lamar Towers The Landmark Marina 101 Marina Torch Ocean Heights Pentominium Princess Tower Sky Tower
Construction suspended
868 Towers Offices and Hotel BDNI Center a Chicago Spire Dalian International Trade Center Doha Convention Center Tower Eurasia Faros del Panam Jakarta Tower JW Marriott International Finance Centre Lighthouse Tower Plaza Rakyat SkyCity Square Capital Tower Tian Long Hotel Waterview Tower Xiamen Post & Telecommunications Building
Former
World Trade Center
See also Proposed supertall skyscrapers List of architects supertall buildings
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New York City Historic Sites
NRHP: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx NHL: New York State
NYC: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx
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U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district Contributing property
List of items
National Park Service National Historic Landmarks National Battlefields National Historic Sites National Historical Parks attractions national monuments
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Popular attractions in New York City
Times Square (35M) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2M) Statue of Liberty (4.24M) American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67M)
Categories: 1931 architecture | Accidents involving fog | Art Deco buildings in New York City | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) | Former world's tallest buildings | National Historic Landmarks in New York City | Office buildings in New York City | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers in New York City | Skyscrapers over 350 meters | Attractions in New York City | Office buildings in Manhattan | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden categories: Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia protected pages without expiry | All articles with Sources statements | Articles with Sources opinions from September 2008 | Articles with Sources statements from May 2009 About the Author
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